Camera lenses can either be 'fixed' or 'zoomed'. The focal length of a lens is based upon the distance in mm from the lenses optical centre to the focal point, located on the sensor.
- A prime (or fixed) lenses generally have higher quality, as they're only designed to do one particular thing.
- Zoom lenses are considered to offer more flexibility.
The 'field of view' is determined by the view of the lens angel to the scene, this can be measured horizontally and vertically. Larger sensors give a wider field of view, and capture more of the scene.
A standard lens is considered to have a focal length of 50mm, as they create the images in front of us as we see them, with no magnification. Wide angle lenses have shorter focal lengths, whereas telephoto lenses have narrower images as they have a long focal length.
The image below shows how the different focal lengths work when the camera is in the same position, here it's evident how the focal length is just essentially the 'zoom'. It's clear from the images that the camera this photographer posses has a stronger zoom than my camera, as I wouldn't be able to zoom in this far, my camera's focal length ranges from 18-55mm.
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